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presumption of loss

  • 1 презумпция убытков

    Русско-английский морской словарь > презумпция убытков

  • 2 презумпция убытков

    Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > презумпция убытков

  • 3 создает презумпцию

    1. raise presumption
    2. raising presumption

    Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > создает презумпцию

  • 4 अर्थः _arthḥ

    अर्थः [In some of its senses from अर्थ्; in others from ऋ-थन् Uṇ.2.4; अर्थते ह्यसौ अर्थिभिः Nir.]
    1 Object, pur- pose, end and aim; wish, desire; ज्ञातार्थो ज्ञातसंबन्धः श्रोतुं श्रोता प्रवर्तते, सिद्ध˚, ˚परिपन्थी Mu.5; ˚वशात् 5.8; स्मर्तव्यो$स्मि सत्यर्थे Dk.117 if it be necessary; Y.2.46; M.4.6; oft. used in this sense as the last member of compounds and translated by 'for', 'intended for', 'for the sake of', 'on account of', 'on behalf of', and used like an adj. to qualify nouns; अर्थेन तु नित्य- समासो विशेष्यनिघ्रता च Vārt.; सन्तानार्थाय विधये R.1.34; तां देवतापित्रतिथिक्रियार्थाम् (धेनुम्) 2.16; द्विजार्था यवागूः Sk.; यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणो$न्यत्र Bg.3.9. It mostly occurs in this sense as अर्थम्, अर्थे or अर्थाय and has an adverbial force; (a) किमर्थम् for what purpose, why; यदर्थम् for whom or which; वेलोपलक्षणार्थम् Ś.4; तद्दर्शनादभूच्छम्भोर्भूयान्दारार्थ- मादरः Ku.6.13; (b) परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत् H.1.41; गवार्थे ब्राह्मणार्थे च Pt.1.42; मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः Bg.1.9; (c) सुखार्थाय Pt.4.18; प्रत्याख्याता मया तत्र नलस्यार्थाय देवताः Nala.13.19; ऋतुपर्णस्य चार्थाय 23.9.
    -2 Cause, motive, reason, ground, means; अलुप्तश्च मुनेः क्रियार्थः R. 2.55 means or cause; अतो$र्थात् Ms.2.213.
    -3 Meaning, sense, signification, import; अर्थ is of 3 kinds:-- वाच्य or expressed, लक्ष्य or indicated (secondary), and व्यङ्ग्य or suggested; तददोषौ शब्दार्थौ K. P.1; अर्थो वाच्यश्च लक्ष्यश्च व्यङ्ग्यश्चेति त्रिधा मतः S. D.2; वागर्थाविव R.1.1; अवेक्ष्य धातोर्गमनार्थमर्थवित् 3.21.
    -4 A thing, object, substance; लक्ष्मणो$र्थं ततः श्रुत्वा Rām.7.46.18; अर्थो हि कन्या परकीय एव Ś.4.22; that which can be perceived by the senses, an object of sense; इन्द्रिय˚ H.1.146; Ku.7.71; R.2.51; न निर्बद्धा उपसर्गा अर्थान्निराहुः Nir.; इन्द्रियेभ्यः परा ह्यर्था अर्थेभ्यश्च परं मनः Kaṭh. (the objects of sense are five: रूप, रस, गन्ध, स्पर्श and शब्द); शब्दः स्पर्शो रसो गन्धो रूपं चेत्यर्थजातयः Bhāg.11.22.16.
    -5 (a) An affair, business, matter, work; प्राक् प्रतिपन्नो$यमर्थो$- ङ्गराजाय Ve.3; अर्थो$यमर्थान्तरभाव्य एव Ku.3.18; अर्थो$र्था- नुबन्धी Dk.67; सङ्गीतार्थः Me.66 business of singing i. e. musical concert (apparatus of singing); सन्देशार्थाः Me. 5 matters of message, i. e. messages; (b) Interest, object; स्वार्थसाधनतत्परः Ms.4.196; द्वयमेवार्थसाधनम् R.1. 19;2.21; दुरापे$र्थे 1.72; सर्वार्थचिन्तकः Ms.7.121; माल- विकायां न मे कश्चिदर्थः M.3 I have no interest in M. (c) Subject-matter, contents (as of letters &c.); त्वामव- गतार्थं करिष्यति Mu.1 will acquaint you with the matter; उत्तरो$यं लेखार्थः ibid.; तेन हि अस्य गृहीतार्था भवामि V.2 if so I should know its contents; ननु परिगृहीतार्थो$- स्मि कृतो भवता V.5; तया भवतो$विनयमन्तरेण परिगृहीतार्था कृता देवी M.4 made acquainted with; त्वया गृहीतार्थया अत्रभवती कथं न वारिता 3; अगृहीतार्थे आवाम् Ś.6; इति पौरान् गृहीतार्थान् कृत्वा ibid.
    -6 Wealth, riches, property, money (said to be of 3 kinds: शुक्ल honestly got; शबल got by more or less doubtful means, and कृष्ण dishonestly got;) त्यागाय संभृतार्थानाम् R.1.7; धिगर्थाः कष्टसंश्रयाः Pt.1.163; अर्थानामर्जने दुःखम् ibid.; सस्यार्थास्तस्य मित्राणि1.3; तेषामर्थे नियुञ्जीत शूरान् दक्षान् कुलोद्गतान् Ms.7.62.
    -7 Attainment of riches or worldly prosperity, regarded as one of the four ends of human existence, the other three being धर्म, काम and मोक्ष; with अर्थ and काम, धर्म forms the well-known triad; cf. Ku.5.38; अप्यर्थकामौ तस्यास्तां धर्म एव मनीषिणः R.1.25.
    -8 (a) Use, advantage, profit, good; तथा हि सर्वे तस्यासन् परार्थैकफला गुणाः R.1.29 for the good of others; अर्थान- र्थावुभौ बुद्ध्वा Ms.8.24 good and evil; क्षेत्रिणामर्थः 9.52; यावानर्थ उदपाने सर्वतः सांप्लुतोदके Bg.2.46; also व्यर्थ, निरर्थक q. v. (b) Use, want, need, concern, with instr.; को$र्थः पुत्रेण जातेन Pt.1 what is the use of a son being born; कश्च तेनार्थः Dk.59; को$र्थस्तिरश्चां गुणैः Pt.2.33 what do brutes care for merits; Bh.2.48; योग्येनार्थः कस्य न स्याज्ज- नेन Ś.18.66; नैव तस्य कृतेनार्थो नाकृतेनेह कश्चन Bg.3.18; यदि प्राणैरिहार्थो वो निवर्तध्वम् Rām. को नु मे जीवितेनार्थः Nala.12. 65.
    -9 Asking, begging; request, suit, petition.
    -1 Action, plaint (in law); अर्थ विरागाः पश्यन्ति Rām.2.1. 58; असाक्षिकेषु त्वर्थेषु Ms.8.19.
    -11 The actual state, fact of the matter; as in यथार्थ, अर्थतः, ˚तत्वविद्, यदर्थेन विनामुष्य पुंस आत्मविपर्ययः Bhāg.3.7.1.
    -12 Manner, kind, sort.
    -13 Prevention, warding off; मशकार्थो धूमः; prohibition, abolition (this meaning may also be derived from 1 above).
    -14 Price (perhaps an incorrect form for अर्घ).
    -15 Fruit, result (फलम्). तस्य नानुभवेदर्थं यस्य हेतोः स रोपितः Rām.6.128.7; Mb.12.175.5.
    -16 N. of a son of धर्म.
    -17 The second place from the लग्न (in astr.).
    -18 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -19 The category called अपूर्व (in पूर्वमीमांसा); अर्थ इति अपूर्वं ब्रूमः । ŚB. on MS.7.1.2.
    -2 Force (of a statement or an expres- sion); अर्थाच्च सामर्थ्याच्च क्रमो विधीयते । ŚB. on MS.5.1.2. [अर्थात् = by implication].
    -21 The need, purpose, sense; व्यवधानादर्थो बलीयान् । ŚB. on MS.6.4.23.
    -22 Capacity, power; अर्थाद्वा कल्पनैकदेशत्वात् । Ms.1.4.3 (where Śabara paraphrases अर्थात् by सामर्थ्यात् and states the rule: आख्यातानामर्थं ब्रुवतां शक्तिः सहकारिणी ।), cf. अर्थो$भिधेयरैवस्तुप्रयोजननिवृत्तिषु । मोक्षकारणयोश्च...... Nm.
    -Comp. -अतिदेशः Extension (of gender, number &e.) to the objects (as against words), i. e. to treat a single object as though it were many, a female as though it were male. (तन्त्रवार्त्तिक 1.2.58.3;6.3.34.7).
    -अधिकारः charge of money, office of treasurer ˚रे न नियोक्तव्यौ H.2.
    -अधिकारिन् m. a treasurer, one charged with finan- cial duties, finance minister.
    -अनुपपत्तिः f. The difficulty of accounting for or explaining satisfactorily a particular meaning; incongruity of a particular meaning (तन्त्रवार्त्तिक 4.3.42.2).
    -अनुयायिन् a. Following the rules (शास्त्र); तत्त्रिकालहितं वाक्यं धर्म्यमर्थानुयायि च Rām.5.51.21.
    -अन्वेषणम् inquiry after a matter.
    -अन्तरम् 1 another or different meaning.
    -2 another cause or motive; अर्थो$यम- र्थान्तरभाव्य एव Ku.3.18.
    -3 A new matter or circum- stance, new affair.
    -4 opposite or antithetical meaning, difference of meaning. ˚न्यासः a figure of speech in which a general proposition is adduced to support a particular instance, or a particular instance, to support a general proposition; it is an inference from parti- cular to general and vice versa; उक्तिरर्थान्तरन्यासः स्यात् सामान्यविशेषयोः । (1) हनूमानब्धिमतरद् दुष्करं किं महात्मनाम् ॥ (2) गुणवद्वस्तुसंसर्गाद्याति नीचो$पि गौरवम् । पुष्पमालानुषङ्गेण सूत्रं शिरसि धार्यते Kuval.; cf. also K. P.1 and S. D.79. (Ins- tances of this figure abound in Sanskrit literature, especi- ally in the works of Kālidāsa, Māgha and Bhāravi).
    -अन्वित a.
    1 rich, wealthy.
    -2 significant.
    -अभिधान a.
    1 That whose name is connected with the purpose to be served by it; अर्थाभिधानं प्रयोजनसम्बद्धमभिधानं यस्य, यथा पुरोडाश- कपालमिति पुरोडाशार्थं कपालं पुरोडाशकपालम् । ŚB. on MS.4.1. 26.
    -2 Expression or denotation of the desired meaning (वार्त्तिक 3.1.2.5.).
    -अर्थिन् a. one who longs for or strives to get wealth or gain any object. अर्थार्थी जीवलोको$यम् । आर्तो जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी Bg.7.16.
    -अलंकरः a figure of speech determined by and dependent on the sense, and not on sound (opp. शब्दालंकार). अलंकारशेखर of केशवमिश्र mentions (verse 29) fourteen types of अर्थालंकारs as follows:- उपमारूपकोत्प्रेक्षाः समासोक्तिरपह्नुतिः । समाहितं स्वभावश्च विरोधः सारदीपकौ ॥ सहोक्तिरन्यदेशत्वं विशेषोक्तिर्विभावना । एवं स्युरर्थालकारा- श्चतुर्दश न चापरे ॥
    -आगमः 1 acquisition of wealth, income; ˚गमाय स्यात् Pt.1. cf. also अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च H.
    -2 collection of property.
    -3 conveying of sense; S. D.737.
    -आपत्तिः f. [अर्थस्य अनुक्तार्थस्य आपत्तिः सिद्धिः]
    1 an inference from circumstances, presumption, im- plication, one of the five sources of knowledge or modes of proof, according to the Mīmāṁsakas. It is 'deduc- tion of a matter from that which could not else be'; it is 'assumption of a thing, not itself perceived but necessarily implied by another which is seen, heard, or proved'; it is an inference used to account for an apparent inconsistency; as in the familiar instance पीनो देवदत्तो दिवा न भुङ्क्ते the apparent inconsistency between 'fatness' and 'not eating by day' is accounted for by the inference of his 'eating by night'. पीनत्वविशि- ष्टस्य देवदत्तस्य रात्रिभोजित्वरूपार्थस्य शब्दानुक्तस्यापि आपत्तिः. It is defined by Śabara as दृष्टः श्रुतो वार्थो$न्यथा नोपपद्यते इत्यर्थ- कल्पना । यथा जीवति देवदत्ते गृहाभावदर्शनेन बहिर्भावस्यादृष्टस्य कल्पना ॥ Ms.1.1.5. It may be seen from the words दृष्टः and श्रुतः in the above definition, that Śabara has sug- gested two varieties of अर्थापत्ति viz. दृष्टार्थापत्ति and श्रुता- र्थापत्ति. The illustration given by him, however, is of दृष्टार्थापत्ति only. The former i. e. दृष्टार्थापत्ति consists in the presumption of some अदृष्ट अर्थ to account for some दृष्ट अर्थ (or अर्थs) which otherwise becomes inexplicable. The latter, on the other hand, consists in the presump- tion of some अर्थ through अश्रुत शब्द to account for some श्रुत अर्थ (i. e. some statement). This peculiarity of श्रुतार्थापत्ति is clearly stated in the following couplet; यत्र त्वपरिपूर्णस्य वाक्यस्यान्वयसिद्धये । शब्दो$ध्याह्रियते तत्र श्रुतार्थापत्ति- रिष्यते ॥ Mānameyodaya p.129 (ed. by K. Raja, Adyar, 1933). Strictly speaking it is no separate mode of proof; it is only a case of अनुमान and can be proved by a व्यतिरेकव्याप्ति; cf. Tarka. K.17 and S. D.46.
    -2 a figure of speech (according to some rhe- toricians) in which a relevant assertion suggests an inference not actually connected with the the subject in hand, or vice versa; it corresponds to what is popularly called कैमुतिकन्याय or दण्डापूपन्याय; e. g. हारो$यं हरिणाक्षीणां लुण्ठति स्तनमण्डले । मुक्तानामप्यवस्थेयं के वयं स्मरकिङ्कराः Amaru.1; अभितप्तमयो$पि मार्दवं भजते कैव कथा शरीरिषु R.8.43.; S. D. thus defines the figure:- दण्डापूपिकन्यायार्थागमो$र्थापत्तिरिष्यते.
    -उत्पत्तिः f. acquisition of wealth; so ˚उपार्जनम्.
    -उपक्षेपकः an introductory scene (in dramas); अर्थोपक्षेपकाः पञ्च S. D.38. They are विष्कम्भ, चूलिका, अङ्कास्य, अङ्कावतार, प्रवेशक.
    -उपमा a simile dependent on sense and not on sound; see under उपमा.
    -उपार्जनम् Acquiring wealth.
    -उष्मन् m. the glow or warmth of wealth; अर्थोष्मणा विरहितः पुरुषः स एव Bh.2.4.
    -ओघः, -राशिः treasure, hoard of money.
    -कर (
    -री f.),
    -कृत a.
    1 bringing in wealth, enriching; अर्थकरी च विद्या H. Pr.3.
    -2 useful, advan- tageous.
    -कर्मन् n.
    1 a principal action (opp. गुणकर्मन्).
    -2 (as opposed to प्रतिपत्तिकर्मन्), A fruitful act (as opposed to mere disposal or प्रतिपत्ति); अर्थकर्म वा कर्तृ- संयोगात् स्रग्वत् । MS.4.2.17.
    -काम a. desirous of wealth. (-˚मौ dual), wealth and (sensual) desire or pleasure; अप्यर्थकामौ तस्यास्तां धर्म एव मनीषिणः R.1.25. ह्रत्वार्थकामास्तु गुरूनिहैव Bg.2.5.
    -कार्ष्यम् Poverty. निर्बन्धसंजातरुषार्थकार्घ्यमचिन्तयित्वा गुरुणाहमुक्तः R.5.21.
    -काशिन् a. Only apparently of utility (not really).
    -किल्बिषिन् a. dishonest in money-matters.
    -कृच्छ्रम् 1 a difficult matter.
    -2 pecuniary difficulty; व्यसनं वार्थकृच्छ्रे वा Rām.4.7.9; Mb.3.2.19; cf. also Kau. A.1.15 न मुह्येदर्थकृच्छ्रेषु Nīti.
    -कृत्यम् doing or execution of a business; अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः Me.4.
    -कोविद a. Expert in a matter, experienced. उवाच रामो धर्मात्मा पुनरप्यर्थकोविदः Rām.6.4.8.
    -क्रमः due order or sequ- ence of purpose.
    -क्रिया (a) An implied act, an act which is to be performed as a matter of course (as opposed to शब्दोक्तक्रिया); असति शब्दोक्ते अर्थक्रिया भवति ŚB. on MS.12.1.12. (b) A purposeful action. (see अर्थकर्मन्).
    -गत a.
    1 based on the sense (as a दोष).
    -2 devoid of sense.
    -गतिः understanding the sense.
    -गुणाः cf. भाविकत्वं सुशब्दत्वं पर्यायोक्तिः सुधर्मिता । चत्वारो$र्थगुणाः प्रोक्ताः परे त्वत्रैव संगताः ॥ अलंकारशेखर 21.
    -गृहम् A treasury. Hariv.
    -गौरवम् depth of meaning; भारवेरर्थगौरवम् Udb., Ki.2.27.
    -घ्न a. (
    घ्नी f.) extrava- gant, wasteful, prodigal; सुरापी व्याधिता धूर्ता वन्ध्यार्थघ्न्य- प्रियंवदा Y.1.73; व्याधिता वाधिवेत्तव्या हिंस्रार्थघ्नी च सर्वदा Ms.9.8.
    -चित्रम् 'variety in sense', a pun, Kāvya- prakāśa.
    -चिन्तक a.
    1 thinking of profit.
    -2 having charge of affairs; सर्वार्थचिन्तकः Ms.7.121.
    -चिन्ता, -चिन्तनम् charge or administration of (royal) affairs; मन्त्री स्यादर्थचिन्तायाम् S. D.
    -जात a.
    1 full of meaning.
    -2 wealthy (जातधन).
    (-तम्) 1 a collection of things.
    -2 large amount of wealth, considerable property; Dk.63, Ś.6; ददाति च नित्यमर्थजातम् Mk.2.7.
    -3 all matters; कवय इव महीपाश्चिन्तयन्त्यर्थजातम् Śi.11.6.
    -4 its own meaning; वहन्द्वयीं यद्यफले$र्थजाते Ki.3.48.
    -ज्ञ a. knowing the sense or purpose; अर्थज्ञ इत्सकलं भद्रमश्नुते Nir.
    -तत्त्वम् 1 the real truth, the fact of the matter; यो$र्थतत्त्वमविज्ञाय क्रोधस्यैव वशं गतः H.4.94.
    -2 the real nature or cause of anything.
    -द a.
    1 yielding wealth; Dk.41.
    -2 advantageous, productive of good, useful.
    -3 liberal, munificent Ms.2.19.
    -4 favour- able, compliant. (
    -दः) N. of Kubera.
    -दर्शकः 'one who sees law-suits'; a judge.
    -दर्शनम् perception of objects; कुरुते दीप इवार्थदर्शनम् Ki.2.33; Dk.155.
    -दूषणम् 1 extravagance, waste; H.3.18; Ms.7.48.
    -2 unjust seizure of property or withholding what is due.
    -3 finding fault with the meaning.
    -4 spoiling of another's property.
    -दृश् f. Consideration of truth; क्षेमं त्रिलोकगुरुरर्थदृशं च यच्छन् Bhāg.1.86.21.
    -दृष्टिः Seeing profit; Bhāg.
    -दोषः a literary fault or blemish with regard to the sense, one of the four doṣas or blemishes of literary composition, the other three being परदोष, पदांशदोष, वाक्यदोष; for definitions &c. see K. P.7. अलंकारशेखर of केशवमिश्र who mentions eight types of doṣas as follows: अष्टार्थदोषाः विरस, -ग्राम्य, -व्याहत, -खिन्नताः । -हीना, -धिका, सदृक्साम्यं देशादीनां विरोधि च ॥ 17
    -द्वयविधानम् Injunction of two ideas or senses; विधाने चार्थद्वयविधानं दोषः ŚB. on MS.1.8.7.
    -नित्य a. = अर्थ- प्रधान Nir.
    -निबन्धन a. dependent on wealth.
    -निश्चयः determination, decision.
    -प्रतिः 1 'the lord of riches', a a king; किंचिद् विहस्यार्थपतिं बभाषे R.2.46;1.59;9.3;18.1; Pt.1.74.
    -2 an epithet of Kubera.
    -पदम् N. of the Vārt. on Pāṇini; ससूत्रवृत्त्यर्थपदं महार्थं ससंग्रहं सिद्ध्यति वै कपीन्द्रः Rām.7.36.45.
    -पर, -लुब्ध a.
    1 intent on gaining wealth, greedy of wealth, covetous.
    -2 niggardly, parsimonious; हिंस्रा दयालुरपि चार्थपरा वदान्या Bh.2.47; Pt.1.425.
    -प्रकृतिः f. the leading source or occasion of the grand object in a drama; (the number of these 'sources' is five:-- बीजं बिन्दुः पताका च प्रकरी कार्यमेव च । अर्थप्रकृतयः पञ्च ज्ञात्वा योज्या यथाविधि S. D.317.)
    -प्रयोगः 1 usury.
    -2 administration of the affairs (of a state)
    -प्राप्त a. derived or understood from the sense included as a matter of course, implied; परिसमाप्तिः शब्दार्थः । परिसमाप्त्यामर्थप्राप्तत्वादारम्भस्य । ŚB. on MS.6.2.13.
    -˚त्वम् Inplication.
    -बन्धः 1 arrange- ment of words, composition, text; stanza, verse; संचिन्त्य गीतक्षममर्थबन्धम् Ś.7.5; ललितार्थबन्धम् V.2.14 put or expressed in elegant words.
    -2. connection (of the soul) with the objects of sense.
    -बुद्धि a. selfish.
    -बोधः indication of the (real) import.
    -भाज् a. entitled to a share in the division of property.
    -भावनम् Delibera- tion over a subject (Pātañjala Yogadarśana 1.28).
    -भृत् a. receiving high wages (as a servant).
    -भेदः distinc- tion or difference of meaning; अर्थभेदेन शब्दभेदः.
    -मात्रम्, -त्रा 1 property, wealth; Pt.2.
    -2 the whole sense or object.
    -युक्त a. significant, full of यस्यार्थयुक्तं meaning; गिरिराजशब्दं कुर्वन्ति Ku.1.13.
    -लक्षण a. As determined by the purpose or need (as opposed to शब्दलक्षण); लोके कर्मार्थलक्षणम् Ms.11.1.26.
    -लाभः acquisition of wealth.
    -लोभः avarice.
    -वशः power in the form of discrimination and knowledge. अर्थवशात् सप्तरूपविनिवृत्ताम् Sāvk.65.
    -वादः 1 declaration of any purpose.
    -2 affirmation, declaratory assertion, an explanatory remark, exegesis; speech or assertion having a certain object; a sentence. (It usually recommends a विधि or precept by stating the good arising from its proper observance, and the evils arising from its omission, and also by adducing historical instances in its support; स्तुतिर्निन्दा परकृतिः पुराकल्प इत्यर्थवादः Gaut. Sūt.; said by Laugākṣi to be of 3 kinds:- गुणवादो विरोधे स्यादनु वादो$वधारिते । भूतार्थवादस्तद्धानादर्थ- वादस्त्रिधा मतः; the last kind includes many varieties.)
    -3 one of the six means of finding out the tātparya (real aim and object) of any work.
    -4 praise, eulogy; अर्थवाद एषः । दोषं तु मे कंचित्कथय U.1.
    -विकरणम् = अर्थ- विक्रिया change of meaning.
    -विकल्पः 1 deviation from truth, perversion of fact.
    -2 prevarication; also ˚वैकल्प्यम्
    -विज्ञानम् comprehending the sense, one of the six exercises of the understanding (धीगुण).
    -विद् a. sensible, wise, sagacious. भुङ्क्ते तदपि तच्चान्यो मधुहेवार्थविन्मधु Bhāg.11.18.15. विवक्षतामर्थविदस्तत्क्षणप्रतिसंहृताम् Śi.
    -विद्या knowledge of practical life; Mb.7.
    -विपत्तिः Failing of an aim; समीक्ष्यतां चार्थविपत्तिमार्गताम् Rām.2.19.4.
    -विभावक a. money-giver; विप्रेभ्यो$र्थविभावकः Mb.3.33. 84.
    -विप्रकर्षः difficulty in the comprehension of the sense.
    -विशेषणम् a reprehensive repetition of something uttered by another; S. D.49.
    -वृद्धिः f. accumulation of wealth.
    -व्ययः expenditure; ˚ज्ञ a. conversant with money-matters.
    -शब्दौ Word and sense.
    -शालिन् a. Wealthy.
    -शास्त्रम् 1 the science of wealth (political economy).
    -2 science of polity, political science, politics; अर्थशास्त्रविशारदं सुधन्वानमुपाध्यायम् Rām.2.1.14. Dk.12; इह खलु अर्थशास्त्रकारास्त्रिविधां सिद्धिमुपवर्णयन्ति Mu.3; ˚व्यवहारिन् one dealing with politics, a politician; Mu.5.
    -3 science giving precepts on general conduct, the science of practical life; Pt.1.
    -शौचम् purity or honesty in money-matters; सर्वेषां चैव शौचानामर्थशौचं परं स्मृतं Ms. 5.16.
    -श्री Great wealth.
    -संस्थानम् 1 accumulation of wealth.
    -2 treasury.
    -संग्रहः, -संचयः accumulation or acquisition of wealth, treasure, property. कोशेनाश्रयणी- यत्वमिति तस्यार्थसंग्रहः R.17.6. कुदेशमासाद्य कुतो$र्थसंचयः H.
    -संग्रहः a book on Mīmāṁsā by Laugākṣi Bhāskara.
    -सतत्त्वम् truth; किं पुनरत्रार्थसतत्त्वम् । देवा ज्ञातुमर्हन्ति MBh. or P.VIII.3.72.
    -समाजः aggregate of causes.
    -समाहारः 1 treasure.
    -2 acquisition of wealth.
    -संपद् f. accomplishment of a desired object; उपेत्य संघर्ष- मिवार्थसंपदः Ki.1.15.
    -संपादनम् Carrying out of an affair; Ms.7.168.
    -संबन्धः connection of the sense with the word or sentence.
    -संबन्धिन् a. Concerned or interested in an affair; Ms.8.64.
    -साधक a.
    1 accomplishing any object.
    -2 bringing any matter to a conclusion.
    -सारः considerable wealth; Pt.2.42.
    -सिद्ध a. understood from the very context (though not expressed in words), inferable from the connection of words.
    -सिद्धिः f. fulfilment of a desired object, success. द्वारमिवार्थसिद्धेः R.2.21.
    -हानिः Loss of wealth
    -हारिन् a. stealing money Ks.
    -हर a. inheriting wealth.
    -हीन a.
    1 deprived of wealth, poor.
    -2 unmeaning, nonsensical.
    -3 failing.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अर्थः _arthḥ

  • 5 קום

    קוּםch. 1) same. Targ. Gen. 22:3. Targ. Lev. 25:30; a. v. fr.Part. קָאֵים, apocop. קָאֵי (q. v.); קָיֵם, קָיֵים; f. קָיְימָא; pl. קָיְימִין; קָיְימָן, קָיְמ׳. Targ. Josh. 4:10. Targ. O. Ex. 26:15 (Y. קַיָּמִין); a. v. fr.B. Mets.19a (expl. דייתיקי) דא תהי למֵיקַםוכ׳ this is to stand and be, that when I die B. Bath.43b bot. ארעא היכא דקָיְימָא תֵיקוּם let the land remain where it is (in the possession of the present incumbent). Gen. R. s. 65 ברייך יְקוּם לך may thy Creator stand by thee. Koh. R. to XI, 1 היידי הוא גברא דקָם ליה עיגוליה here is (I am) the man whom his loaf of bread assisted (who was rewarded for throwing his bread into the sea). Y.Ab. Zar. II, 40c bot. וקָמוּן and they remained (in the trade), v. עֲקַר I. Macc.22b דקָיְימֵי מקמיוכ׳ who stand up before a scroll of the Law and do not stand up before a great man. Kidd.33b קום מקמיה אביך stand up before thy father. Ib. קָאִימְנָא מקמיה, I should stand up before him. Ib. a מֵיקַם לא קָאֵי הידורוכ׳ he stood not up before them (gentile old men), but he showed them honor. B. Mets.7a ברשותיה קָיְימָא it is in his possession. Lev. R. s. 16 (ref. to Is. 5:19) נדע דמן הוא דקיימאוכ׳ that we know whose counsel will stand (prevail), ours or his; ib. לא ק׳ דידי וק׳ דלהון my counsel does not stand, shall theirs stand?; Yalk. Is. 266 הא קָמַת דידהון דידי לא now, theirs is carried out, and mine should not be?; Yalk. Lam. 1033, sq. (read עצא for על); Pesik. Vattom., p. 133a> (corr. acc.). Y.Ter.I, 40b top בחרש אנן קָיְימִין we are standing at (are treating of) the case of a deaf mute. Y.Maasr.I, 51b, a. fr. (ב) מה (א) נן קיימין what are we treating of?; a. v. fr.Yeb.32a וקם ליה באשר לא יבנהוכ׳ (by giving ḥălitsah to one of his brothers widows) he has been declared one ‘who does not build up his brothers house (Deut. 25:9), and the Law says, when one has once refused ‘to build, one must not ‘build again (marry another of his brothers widows); ib. 44a.Shebu.26a כי הוו קיימי מקמיה דרב (Ms. F. מפטרי) when they were out of Rabs sight, opp. כי אתו לקמיה.ק׳ על, also ק׳ ב־ (cmp. עמד) a) to ascertain. Ab. Zar.35b ליכא למֵיקַם עלה דמילתא it cannot be ascertained; a. e.B. Mets.19a קָמוּ … במילתא the Rabbis ascertained the case, v. קִים. Yeb.31a; a. fr.b) to bargain for. Gen. R. s. 11 אנא … קיימין עילויה myself and a certain Jew were bargaining for it (the fish); a. e. קם ליה בדרבה מיניה, v. קִים.תֵּיקוּ, נֵיקוּ = תֵּיקוּם, נֵיקוּם. B. Kam.96a תקנתא לעכ״ום נ׳ ונעביד shall we get up and make rules for the benefit of gentile (robbers)? Zeb.17a כל חדא וחדא ת׳ בדוכתה (not בדוכתיה; Ms. M. תיקום) let each verse stand in its own place, i. e. you can draw no analogies between them.Esp. תיקו let it stand, i. e. the question remains undecided. B. Kam. l. c. Ḥull.46a; a. fr. 2) (v. עָמַד) to curdle. Ab. Zar.35b נישקול מיניה קלי ונֵיקוּם (prob. to be read ונוֹקִים) let one take a little of it and curdle it. Ib. קיימי, v. נַסְיוּבֵי. 3) to cause to stand (v. קִים).Inf. מִיקְמָא, מִיקְמָה, v. Af. Af. אָקֵים, אוֹקִים, אוֹקֵי 1) to put up, erect; to appoint, place; to maintain. Targ. O. Ex. 40:2 תָּקִים (ed. Berl. a. Y. תְּקִים). Ib. 18 ואָקֵים (ed. Berl. ואָקֵים a. ואֵקִים). Targ. O. Deut. 25:7 לאָקָמָא ed. Berl. (oth. ed. לַאֲקָ׳; Y. למִיקְמָא). Targ. Ps. 78:13. Targ. Prov. 29:4; a. fr.B. Mets.39b מוֹקְמִינָן … לינוקא we (the court) appoint a guardian over it in behalf of the minor. Ib. מיגו דמוֹקִים … מוקמינןוכ׳ since one appoints a guardian for the one-sixth portion, we may just as well appoint one for the other sixth. B. Bath.33a אוֹקְמָהּ … בידיה R. H. placed it in his possession, i. e. decided that it belonged to him. Ib. 34a מוֹקְמִינָן לה בידיה we would place (or leave) it in his possession; a. v. fr.Taan.8a, a. fr. אוקים … אמורא, v. אֲמֹורָא.Esp. a) to put a case, to treat with reference to. B. Bath.44a ולוֹקְמָהּ בגזלן why does he not put the case as treating of a robber?; ולוקמה ביורש let him say, it refers to the case of an heir!; a. fr.b) to let stand, place, leave ( under the presumption). Keth.12b, a. e. אוקי ממונא בחזקת מריה leave the money where it is, on the presumption that it belongs to its present owner, i. e. possession has the benefit of the doubt. Ib. אוֹקְמָהּ אחזקה leave the woman in her ascertained condition (v. חֲזָקָה), i. e. consider her as having married as a virgin. Yeb.31a אוקי תרי להדי תרי ואשה אוקמה אחזקה leave the two witnesses (on the one side) against the two witnesses (on the other side), and leave the woman ; a. fr.c) to establish, prove. Num. R. s. 6, end ורבנן מוֹקְמִין מהאי קראוכ׳ and the Rabbis prove from this verse, that as atonement takes place in day-time, so ; a. e.d) א׳ טבאות ( to place right) to guarantee, secure. Y.Gitt.I, end, 43d אנן בעי תְּקִימִינָן ט׳ (not טבאת) we want thee to secure us (against an eventual loss of the money which thou art collecting from us for our creditors); בההוא דלא יכיל למִיקְמָה גרמיה ט׳ in the case of one who has no opportunity to secure himself (who cannot get a collector to take the risk), ברם ההוא דיכיל למיקמהוכ׳ but if he finds a collector to take the risk, he may take it away from the one and give it to the other; Y.Kidd.III, 64a. 2) (v. עָמַד) to make consistent, curdle. Ab. Zar.35a (read:) כיין דאוֹקְמֵיה איסורא הוא דקא מוֹקִים ליהוכ׳ (v. Ms. M. in Rabb. D. S. a. l., a. note) since it had the effect of curdling the milk, it is the forbidden matter that gave it substance, and therefore it (that forbidden substance) is to be considered as if it were there in its natural state. Ib. b, v. supra. Ittaf. אִיתָּקַם, אִתּוֹקַם to put up; to be placed. Targ. Ex. 40:17. Targ. Lev. 16:10; a. e. Polel קוֹמֵם to put up, erect. Targ. Is. 44:26; a. e. Pa. קַיֵּם, קיֵּים 1) as preced. Pi., to establish, confirm, fulfill Targ. O. Deut. 32:8 (Y. Af.). Targ. Num. 30:14. Targ. Is. l. c. Targ. Ps. 119:106; a. fr.Ned.70a דהא קַיְּימֵיה לנדריה היום (not קיימי, v. Rashi) for he has confirmed the vow to-day. Ib. (h. form) כיון דקִיְּימוֹ קִיְּימוֹ since he once confirmed it, it remains confirmed. Keth.19a זילו קַיְּימוּ שטרייכו go and get evidence for the identification of your documents, and then come to court. Y.Gitt.I, end, 43d קיַּימְתֵּיה מדאמרוכ׳ thou canst substantiate thy opinion by referring to what R. … said. Pesik. Haʿomer, p. 72b> למְקַיְּימָא לכוןוכ׳ in order to fulfill on you the prophecy (Deut. 33:29) ; Yalk. Lev. 643; Pesik. R. s. 18. Y.Ab. Zar. V, 44d ואנא יכיל קַיֵּים and I can ascertain it (by experiment); a. v. fr.Part. pass. מְקַיַּים. Ber.55a לא חלמא טבא מק׳וכ׳ (Ms. F. מתקיים) neither a good dream comes true entirely, nor a bad dream 2) (v. קְיָים) to swear, vow. Targ. Num. 30:3. Targ. Gen. 28:20. Targ. O. Lev. 5:4; a. e. Ithpa. אִתְקַיַּים as preced. Hithpa. Targ. Num. 14:38. Targ. Ez. 33:12; a. fr.Y.Sabb.VI, end, 8d (read:) תִּתְקַיֵּימ לכון נפשיכין בהדין יומכין היך דקַיַּימְתּוּןוכ׳ may your life be restored on that day of yours (when your time comes), as you have restored my life on this day. Erub.54a כי היכי דתתקיים בידך ותוריך חיי (not ביך, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) in order that it (thy learning) may be preserved in thy possession, and thou mayest live long; a. e.

    Jewish literature > קום

  • 6 קוּם

    קוּםch. 1) same. Targ. Gen. 22:3. Targ. Lev. 25:30; a. v. fr.Part. קָאֵים, apocop. קָאֵי (q. v.); קָיֵם, קָיֵים; f. קָיְימָא; pl. קָיְימִין; קָיְימָן, קָיְמ׳. Targ. Josh. 4:10. Targ. O. Ex. 26:15 (Y. קַיָּמִין); a. v. fr.B. Mets.19a (expl. דייתיקי) דא תהי למֵיקַםוכ׳ this is to stand and be, that when I die B. Bath.43b bot. ארעא היכא דקָיְימָא תֵיקוּם let the land remain where it is (in the possession of the present incumbent). Gen. R. s. 65 ברייך יְקוּם לך may thy Creator stand by thee. Koh. R. to XI, 1 היידי הוא גברא דקָם ליה עיגוליה here is (I am) the man whom his loaf of bread assisted (who was rewarded for throwing his bread into the sea). Y.Ab. Zar. II, 40c bot. וקָמוּן and they remained (in the trade), v. עֲקַר I. Macc.22b דקָיְימֵי מקמיוכ׳ who stand up before a scroll of the Law and do not stand up before a great man. Kidd.33b קום מקמיה אביך stand up before thy father. Ib. קָאִימְנָא מקמיה, I should stand up before him. Ib. a מֵיקַם לא קָאֵי הידורוכ׳ he stood not up before them (gentile old men), but he showed them honor. B. Mets.7a ברשותיה קָיְימָא it is in his possession. Lev. R. s. 16 (ref. to Is. 5:19) נדע דמן הוא דקיימאוכ׳ that we know whose counsel will stand (prevail), ours or his; ib. לא ק׳ דידי וק׳ דלהון my counsel does not stand, shall theirs stand?; Yalk. Is. 266 הא קָמַת דידהון דידי לא now, theirs is carried out, and mine should not be?; Yalk. Lam. 1033, sq. (read עצא for על); Pesik. Vattom., p. 133a> (corr. acc.). Y.Ter.I, 40b top בחרש אנן קָיְימִין we are standing at (are treating of) the case of a deaf mute. Y.Maasr.I, 51b, a. fr. (ב) מה (א) נן קיימין what are we treating of?; a. v. fr.Yeb.32a וקם ליה באשר לא יבנהוכ׳ (by giving ḥălitsah to one of his brothers widows) he has been declared one ‘who does not build up his brothers house (Deut. 25:9), and the Law says, when one has once refused ‘to build, one must not ‘build again (marry another of his brothers widows); ib. 44a.Shebu.26a כי הוו קיימי מקמיה דרב (Ms. F. מפטרי) when they were out of Rabs sight, opp. כי אתו לקמיה.ק׳ על, also ק׳ ב־ (cmp. עמד) a) to ascertain. Ab. Zar.35b ליכא למֵיקַם עלה דמילתא it cannot be ascertained; a. e.B. Mets.19a קָמוּ … במילתא the Rabbis ascertained the case, v. קִים. Yeb.31a; a. fr.b) to bargain for. Gen. R. s. 11 אנא … קיימין עילויה myself and a certain Jew were bargaining for it (the fish); a. e. קם ליה בדרבה מיניה, v. קִים.תֵּיקוּ, נֵיקוּ = תֵּיקוּם, נֵיקוּם. B. Kam.96a תקנתא לעכ״ום נ׳ ונעביד shall we get up and make rules for the benefit of gentile (robbers)? Zeb.17a כל חדא וחדא ת׳ בדוכתה (not בדוכתיה; Ms. M. תיקום) let each verse stand in its own place, i. e. you can draw no analogies between them.Esp. תיקו let it stand, i. e. the question remains undecided. B. Kam. l. c. Ḥull.46a; a. fr. 2) (v. עָמַד) to curdle. Ab. Zar.35b נישקול מיניה קלי ונֵיקוּם (prob. to be read ונוֹקִים) let one take a little of it and curdle it. Ib. קיימי, v. נַסְיוּבֵי. 3) to cause to stand (v. קִים).Inf. מִיקְמָא, מִיקְמָה, v. Af. Af. אָקֵים, אוֹקִים, אוֹקֵי 1) to put up, erect; to appoint, place; to maintain. Targ. O. Ex. 40:2 תָּקִים (ed. Berl. a. Y. תְּקִים). Ib. 18 ואָקֵים (ed. Berl. ואָקֵים a. ואֵקִים). Targ. O. Deut. 25:7 לאָקָמָא ed. Berl. (oth. ed. לַאֲקָ׳; Y. למִיקְמָא). Targ. Ps. 78:13. Targ. Prov. 29:4; a. fr.B. Mets.39b מוֹקְמִינָן … לינוקא we (the court) appoint a guardian over it in behalf of the minor. Ib. מיגו דמוֹקִים … מוקמינןוכ׳ since one appoints a guardian for the one-sixth portion, we may just as well appoint one for the other sixth. B. Bath.33a אוֹקְמָהּ … בידיה R. H. placed it in his possession, i. e. decided that it belonged to him. Ib. 34a מוֹקְמִינָן לה בידיה we would place (or leave) it in his possession; a. v. fr.Taan.8a, a. fr. אוקים … אמורא, v. אֲמֹורָא.Esp. a) to put a case, to treat with reference to. B. Bath.44a ולוֹקְמָהּ בגזלן why does he not put the case as treating of a robber?; ולוקמה ביורש let him say, it refers to the case of an heir!; a. fr.b) to let stand, place, leave ( under the presumption). Keth.12b, a. e. אוקי ממונא בחזקת מריה leave the money where it is, on the presumption that it belongs to its present owner, i. e. possession has the benefit of the doubt. Ib. אוֹקְמָהּ אחזקה leave the woman in her ascertained condition (v. חֲזָקָה), i. e. consider her as having married as a virgin. Yeb.31a אוקי תרי להדי תרי ואשה אוקמה אחזקה leave the two witnesses (on the one side) against the two witnesses (on the other side), and leave the woman ; a. fr.c) to establish, prove. Num. R. s. 6, end ורבנן מוֹקְמִין מהאי קראוכ׳ and the Rabbis prove from this verse, that as atonement takes place in day-time, so ; a. e.d) א׳ טבאות ( to place right) to guarantee, secure. Y.Gitt.I, end, 43d אנן בעי תְּקִימִינָן ט׳ (not טבאת) we want thee to secure us (against an eventual loss of the money which thou art collecting from us for our creditors); בההוא דלא יכיל למִיקְמָה גרמיה ט׳ in the case of one who has no opportunity to secure himself (who cannot get a collector to take the risk), ברם ההוא דיכיל למיקמהוכ׳ but if he finds a collector to take the risk, he may take it away from the one and give it to the other; Y.Kidd.III, 64a. 2) (v. עָמַד) to make consistent, curdle. Ab. Zar.35a (read:) כיין דאוֹקְמֵיה איסורא הוא דקא מוֹקִים ליהוכ׳ (v. Ms. M. in Rabb. D. S. a. l., a. note) since it had the effect of curdling the milk, it is the forbidden matter that gave it substance, and therefore it (that forbidden substance) is to be considered as if it were there in its natural state. Ib. b, v. supra. Ittaf. אִיתָּקַם, אִתּוֹקַם to put up; to be placed. Targ. Ex. 40:17. Targ. Lev. 16:10; a. e. Polel קוֹמֵם to put up, erect. Targ. Is. 44:26; a. e. Pa. קַיֵּם, קיֵּים 1) as preced. Pi., to establish, confirm, fulfill Targ. O. Deut. 32:8 (Y. Af.). Targ. Num. 30:14. Targ. Is. l. c. Targ. Ps. 119:106; a. fr.Ned.70a דהא קַיְּימֵיה לנדריה היום (not קיימי, v. Rashi) for he has confirmed the vow to-day. Ib. (h. form) כיון דקִיְּימוֹ קִיְּימוֹ since he once confirmed it, it remains confirmed. Keth.19a זילו קַיְּימוּ שטרייכו go and get evidence for the identification of your documents, and then come to court. Y.Gitt.I, end, 43d קיַּימְתֵּיה מדאמרוכ׳ thou canst substantiate thy opinion by referring to what R. … said. Pesik. Haʿomer, p. 72b> למְקַיְּימָא לכוןוכ׳ in order to fulfill on you the prophecy (Deut. 33:29) ; Yalk. Lev. 643; Pesik. R. s. 18. Y.Ab. Zar. V, 44d ואנא יכיל קַיֵּים and I can ascertain it (by experiment); a. v. fr.Part. pass. מְקַיַּים. Ber.55a לא חלמא טבא מק׳וכ׳ (Ms. F. מתקיים) neither a good dream comes true entirely, nor a bad dream 2) (v. קְיָים) to swear, vow. Targ. Num. 30:3. Targ. Gen. 28:20. Targ. O. Lev. 5:4; a. e. Ithpa. אִתְקַיַּים as preced. Hithpa. Targ. Num. 14:38. Targ. Ez. 33:12; a. fr.Y.Sabb.VI, end, 8d (read:) תִּתְקַיֵּימ לכון נפשיכין בהדין יומכין היך דקַיַּימְתּוּןוכ׳ may your life be restored on that day of yours (when your time comes), as you have restored my life on this day. Erub.54a כי היכי דתתקיים בידך ותוריך חיי (not ביך, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) in order that it (thy learning) may be preserved in thy possession, and thou mayest live long; a. e.

    Jewish literature > קוּם

  • 7 Rechtsverdreher

    Rechtsverdreher
    pettifogging shyster (US), pettifogger;
    • Rechtsverfahren legal process, lawsuit (US), action;
    • Rechtsverfolgung prosecution of an action;
    • Rechtsvergleich juridical comparison;
    • Rechtsverhältnis legal relationship;
    • Rechtsverhältnis begründen to create legal relations;
    • Rechtsverkehr (Straßenordnung) right[-hand] traffic;
    • Rechtsverletzung violation of a law, lawbreaking, legal injury, infringement [of a right], transgression;
    • j. von dem Verdacht irgendwelcher Rechtsverletzungen freistellen to clear s. o. of any wrongdoing;
    • Rechtsverlust loss of a right;
    • Rechtsverluste eines Konkursschuldners disqualifications of a bankrupt;
    • Rechtsvermutung legal presumption (fiction);
    • Rechtsverordnung decree law, statutory order (Br.);
    • Rechtsvertreter enrolled law agent, counsel, legal representative, proxy;
    • Rechtsverwirkung forfeiture of a right;
    • Rechtsverzicht disclaimer (release, waiver) of a right;
    • Rechtsvorbehalt reservation, reserve of right, saving;
    • Rechtsvorgänger predecessor in interest (title).

    Business german-english dictionary > Rechtsverdreher

  • 8 absolute

    абсолютний, цілковитий, необмежений; безумовний; неспростовний
    - absolute assignment
    - absolute authority
    - absolute autocracy
    - absolute bar
    - absolute contraband
    - absolute contract
    - absolute control
    - absolute conveyance
    - absolute covenant
    - absolute deadline
    - absolute decree
    - absolute deed
    - absolute delivery of deed
    - absolute democracy
    - absolute discharge
    - absolute divorce
    - absolute dominion
    - absolute duty
    - absolute embargo
    - absolute estate
    - absolute evidence
    - absolute freedom
    - absolute freedom of action
    - absolute freedom of actions
    - absolute gift
    - absolute guarantee
    - absolute guaranty
    - absolute immunity
    - absolute impediment
    - absolute impossibility
    - absolute interest
    - absolute law
    - absolute legacy
    - absolute liability
    - absolute licence
    - absolute license
    - absolute majority
    - absolute monarch
    - absolute monarchy
    - absolute novelty
    - absolute nuisance
    - absolute owner
    - absolute pardon
    - absolute power
    - absolute presumption
    - absolute privilege
    - absolute prohibition
    - absolute ban
    - absolute promise
    - absolute release
    - absolute rent
    - absolute right
    - absolute ruler
    - absolute total loss
    - absolute transfer
    - absolute tsarism
    - absolute veto

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > absolute

  • 9 proof

    1) доказательство, доказательства
    4) судебное следствие; шотл. рассмотрение дела судьёй вместо суда присяжных
    5) пробный оттиск, корректура
    •

    proof and hearing — судебное следствие и выступления сторон;

    proof beyond all reasonable doubt — доказанность при полном отсутствии оснований для сомнения в ней;

    proof beyond any reasonable doubt — доказанность при отсутствии какого-л. основания для сомнения в ней;

    proof by admission — см. proof of admission 1., 2., 3.;

    proof by affidavit — 1. доказательство, полученное с помощью аффидевита 2. доказывание посредством аффидевита 3. установление факта с помощью аффидевита;

    proof by circumstantial [indirect] evidence — доказывание или доказанность косвенными доказательствами;

    proof by confession — см. proof of confession 1., 2., 3., 4.;

    proof by direct evidence — доказывание или доказанность прямыми доказательствами;

    proof by evidence — см. proof of evidence 1., 2., 3.;

    proof by notoriety — осведомлённость суда, судейская осведомлённость (в отношении фактов, полагаемых известными суду без доказательств);

    proof by presumption — доказывание по презумпции;

    proof by testimony — 1. доказывание посредством свидетельских показаний 2. доказанность свидетельскими показаниями;

    proof from the contrary — 1. доказательство от противного 2. доказывание от противного 3. доказанность от противного;

    to develop proof — представить или получить доказательства;

    to take proof — получить доказательства;

    proof to the contrary — 1. доказательство противного 2. доказывание противного 3. доказанность противного

    - proof of attestation
    - proof of confession
    - proof of consistency
    - proof of evidence
    - proof of fact
    - proof of official record
    - proof of record
    - proof of witness
    - affirmative proof
    - affirmative proof of loss
    - categorical proof
    - circular proof
    - circumstantial proof
    - clear proof
    - conclusive proof
    - controvertible proof
    - conviction proof
    - crucial proof
    - direct proof
    - evident proof
    - formal proof
    - foundation proof
    - foundational proof
    - hard proof
    - incontrovertible proof
    - independent proof
    - indirect proof
    - indubitable proof
    - infallible proof
    - inferential proof
    - irrefutable proof
    - judgement proof
    - literal proof
    - negative proof
    - positive proof
    - presumptive proof
    - relevant proof
    - reliable proof
    - satisfactory proof
    - substantial proof
    - testimonial proof
    - uncontrovertible proof
    - virtual proof
    - decisive proof

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > proof

  • 10 face

    1. n лицо, физиономия
    2. n морда
    3. n выражение лица
    4. n разг. гримаса

    to make a face — сделать гримасу, гримасничать

    5. n внешний вид

    on the face of — судя по внешнему виду; на первый взгляд

    on the face of it you are guilty — похоже на то, что вы виновны

    the idea is absurd on the face of it — на первый взгляд, эта мысль кажется абсурдной

    outer face — внешняя сторона; лицевая сторона

    face of the battlefield — картина сражения, вид поля боя

    6. n аспект, сторона
    7. n разг. наглость, нахальство

    brazen face — наглость, бесстыдство

    8. n поверхность; внешняя сторона
    9. n лицевая сторона, лицо; правая сторона

    poker face — бесстрастное, каменное лицо

    10. n циферблат
    11. n престиж; репутация; достоинство

    loss of face — унижение; потеря престижа

    12. n разг. личность, человек с именем, знаменитость
    13. n сл. детина, «лоб»
    14. n амер. сл. белый
    15. n геом. грань
    16. n фас, грань
    17. n тех. поверхность, торец

    lateral face — боковая поверхность; боковой фасад

    18. n тех. срез; фаска
    19. n тех. горн. забой, плоскость забоя; лава

    face cut — забойка, вруб

    20. n полигр. очко
    21. n полигр. шрифт, рисунок шрифта; гарнитура шрифта, шрифт

    light face — светлое начертание; светлый шрифт

    heavy face — жирное начертание; жирный шрифт

    black face — жирное начертание; жирный шрифт

    fat face — жирное начертание; жирный шрифт

    22. n полигр. ширина
    23. n полигр. тлв. экран

    flat face — плоскоэкранный; плоский экран

    24. n полигр. тех. боёк
    25. n полигр. тех. передняя грань
    26. n полигр. спец. облицовка

    to show a false face — притворяться, лицемерить

    in the face of day — не скрываясь, открыто; среди бела дня

    to fly in the face — держаться вызывающе, бравировать, бросать вызов

    to fly in the face of facts — игнорировать факты, пренебрегать фактами

    27. v находиться лицом к
    28. v быть обращённым к

    face up — быть готовым; встретить смело

    dead-pan face — каменное лицо, лицо как у истукана

    to face a charge — быть обвинённым, подвергнуться обвинению

    29. v смотреть в лицо

    a face peppered with freckles — лицо, усыпанное веснушками

    wooden face — деревянное лицо, лицо без всякого выражения

    30. v встречать смело; смотреть в лицо без страха

    a face that denotes energy — лицо, которое дышит энергией

    31. v сталкиваться лицом к лицу
    32. v отделывать
    33. v облицовывать
    34. v полировать; обтачивать
    35. v повёртывать лицом вверх

    a face scarred by smallpox — лицо, обезображенное оспой

    long face — унылое, мрачное лицо; вытянутая физиономия

    36. v воен. скомандовать поворот

    the captain faced his company left — капитан скомандовал роте «налево»

    37. v подкрашивать
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. appearance (noun) appearance; appearances; guise; seeming; semblance; showing; simulacrum
    2. cheek (noun) assumption; brashness; brass; brazenness; cheek; cheekiness; confidence; effrontery; familiarity; gall; nerve; presumption; presumptuousness; temerity
    3. front (noun) aspect; dial; facade; front; kisser; map
    4. grimace (noun) grimace; moue; mouth; mouthing; mow; mug
    5. look (noun) cast; countenance; expression; features; look; muzzle; phiz; physiognomy; superficies; surface; top; view; visage
    6. makeup (noun) makeup; maquillage; paint; war paint
    7. mask (noun) cloak; color; coloring; colour; colouring; cover; disguise; disguisement; false front; frontage; frontal; gloss; mask; masquerade; muffler; pretence; pretense; pretext; put-on; show; veil; veneer; window dressing; window-dressing
    8. reputation (noun) dignity; image; name; prestige; reputation; self-respect; standing; status
    9. beard (verb) beard; brave; challenge; dare; defy; look; oppose; outdare; outface; venture
    10. cover (verb) cover; decorate; overlay; plaster; refinish; remodel; veneer
    11. engage (verb) accost; affront; close; confront; encounter; engage; front; look on; meet; meet with; run into; take on
    12. sheathe (verb) clad; coat; sheathe; side; skin
    Антонимический ряд:
    absence; back; crouch; fear; humility; inside; interior; rear; refuse; retreat; shrink; sneak; strip; withdraw

    English-Russian base dictionary > face

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